Teen Smoking Essay Example For Students

Teen Smoking Essay Problems With Teen Smoking in AmericaTeen smoking is a serious problem in the United States because the tobacco industry targets teenagers with their persuasive advertising. We see often in public places, teenagers who are standing around, smoking cigarettes. Recently, there has been legislation that has been turned down by Republicans in Congress, which was supposed to send a strong message to the tobacco industry. While this legislation was turned down, President Bill Clinton has vowed to continue his efforts to lower the rates of teen smoking. Yes, this problem steadily increases and the age groups become younger, but the problem will get worse if Congress does not try to target the tobacco industry. We will write a custom essay on Teen Smoking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many teen smokers take up smoking as a daily habit. The number of teen smokers has increased to 73 percent between 1988 and 1996. This percentage was proposed on October 8, 1998. More than 1.2 million Americans under the age of eighteen started smoking daily in 1996, up from an estimated 708,000 in 1988. The rate teens become teen smokers has also increased up to fifty percent. In 1996, 77 out of every 1, 000 nonsmoking teens picked up the habit. In 1988, the rate was 51 per 1,000. The study was based on surveys of 78,330 Americans between the ages of 12 and 66 conducted by the CDC between 1994 and 1997. They asked if they ever had a daily smoking habit and if so, when they started. They were also asked when they smoked their first cigarette. There have been recent studies that prove that increasing the prices of tobacco will reduce the number of teen smokers. The tobacco companies know that increasing the price of tobacco will decrease teen smoking. Tobacco companies deny that they are increasing the prices of tobacco, but they still continue to recruit new smokers who are young. An estimated 420,000 teenagers were prevented from becoming smokers due to price increases in tobacco. The tobacco industry, on the other hand, is conducting a multi-million dollar campaign disinforming the public that they are not increasing prices to reduce teen smoking. There have been numerous economic researches in peer-reviewed journals about price increases in tobacco. Research proves in these documented journals that increase in the price of cigarettes will reduce teen smoking by seven percent. The tobacco industry is almost fully reliant on teenagers. According to a web site sponsored by the American Lung Association of Gulf Coast Florida, those who die from smoking each year, plus those who quit the daily habit, are replaced by one million teenagers who begin smoking annually (American Lung Association). The tobacco industry has its own words to say about price increase on cigarettes. The industry claims that price increases are disastrous and ineffective for the tobacco industry and other industries. The Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services sponsored a Tobacco Bill to ban all advertisements of cigarettes and an effort to help stop teen smoking. The Republicans in Congress turned it down. It was turned down because it was too expensive. The cost of this bill would have cost an estimated $52 billion dollars a year to send out strong messages to these tobacco companies. I think that it should have been used because there are so many other things tha t our nations budget spends on each year that does not seem as important. Teen smoking is a real serious issue because later on these teenagers will have some serious health problems. I see my friends smoking and I tell them that it will cause some serious health problems for them in the future. After the defeat of the tobacco bill in the senate, President Clinton scolded Senate Republicans for Walking away from its obligation to our children (qtd. in Kaleidoscope Interactive). He also called for the Department of Health and Human Services to conduct an annual national survey of the cigarette brands most frequently used by teenagers. Im instructing the Department of Health and Human services to produce the first-ever annual survey on the brands of cigarettes teenagers smoke, and which companies are most responsible for the problem(qtd. in Kaleidoscope Interactive). Parents should know of this problem and they should also have the right to know. Public health officials can use this i nformation to reduce teen smoking and to raise awareness of the problem. .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .postImageUrl , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:hover , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:visited , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:active { border:0!important; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:active , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dwight D Eisenhower EssayThe survey was part of the $516 billion measure revoked by Republican Senate leaders. It was supposed to be used to enforce penalties against tobacco companies that did not succeed in reducing teen smoking to levels set in the legislation. President Clinton called out the tobacco companies, which have angrily opposed this survey. Once this information becomes public, companies will then no longer be able to evade accountability, and neither will congress, stated by Bill Clinton in an interview with the press outside the oval office (qtd. in Kaleidoscope Interactive). From now on the new data will help to hold tobacco companies accountable for targe ting children (qtd. in Kaleidoscope Interactive). The President cannot levy fines against the tobacco industry with out approval from Congress, however, he is confident that the survey will help his Congressional allies more information against the tobacco industry. If the survey is used, it will show that teens prefer particular brands, one brand to another. It will then be used as evidence that a particular manufacturer is marketing to teens, which is illegal. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said tobacco ads that rely on giveaways and childish cartoons were to blame. Advertising persuades teens to buy cigarettes. Since the Joe Camel Cartoon, Camel brand cigarette share of teen smokers has increased from 0.5 percent to 32.8 percent. About 30 percent of three-year-olds and 90 percent of six-year-olds recognize Joe Camel and associate him with Camel Cigarettes. The Tobacco Institute and R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, the maker of Camel Cigarettes and creator of Joe Camel, had no comment.The tobacco industry has insisted it does not target teen-agers with its advertising. Daily smoking rates begin increasing steadily again in 1988, the same year R. J. Reynolds introduced Joe Camel in advertising for Camel cigarettes, the CDC said. Joe Camel was retired in 1997, after it was used for a bad example for cigarette marketing aimed at children by critics, including President Bill Clinton. I had a recent interview with a student at Worth County High School. His name is Scott Ferguson. He was a former classmate and a friend. He smoked while I was in high school. I asked him did he still smoke, and he said that he did. I asked him for how long and he said that he had been smoking since he was thirteen. I asked him what brand of cigarette he smoked, and he said that he smoked Marlboro Lights. I asked him why does he smoke, and he replied by saying, I started when I was young and now I just cant stop (Ferguson, Oct. 12, 1999). Teen smoking is a serious problem. I would like to see teenagers who are not smoking. I would like to hear that Congress has approved of the Tobacco Bill and not some other less important bill. This problem will continue to get worse if the tobacco industry does not stop its persuasive advertising. Bibliography:Works CitedChildrens access to Tobacco Kills. 3 Feb. 1999. American Lung Association of Gulf Coast Florida. President Takes Another Shot at Teen Smoking. 22 Jun. 1999. Kaleidoscope Interactive. Reducing Teen Smoking. 10 Jul 1998. Tobaco Free Kids. Bynum, Russ. CDC:Joe Camel Years See Jump in Teen Smoking.9 Oct. 1998. BibliographyChildrens access to Tobacco Kills. 3 Feb. 1999. American Lung Association of Gulf Coast Florida. President Takes Another Shot at Teen Smoking. 22 Jun. 1999. Kaleidoscope Interactive. Reducing Teen Smoking. 10 Jul 1998. Tobaco Free Kids. Bynum, Russ. CDC:Joe Camel Years See Jump in Teen Smoking.9 Oct. 1998. Schaler, Jeffrey, and Magda E. Schaler. Smoking: Who Has the Right?. Amherst, NY: Promethus Books, 1998. Swisher, Karin. SmokingLaws and Legislation. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1995Bender, David L. Opposing Viewpoints on Chemical Dependency. St Paul, ME: Greenhaven Press, 1985. .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .postImageUrl , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:hover , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:visited , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:active { border:0!important; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:active , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Factors contributing to the su EssayFerguson, Scott. Personal interview. 12 Oct 1999.

All About the Word About! - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog

All About the Word About! - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog All About the Word About! One of the most common problems our customers have is how to use the word about correctly. This is particularly tricky because about is a common word and can be used in several contexts. Well run through a few of these uses here. About: On the Subject Of As a preposition, the word about can be used to link nouns and verbs, such as when using about to mean concerning or on the subject of: We spoke about her neighbors awful choice of house paint. However, a common mistake here is using about with discussed. This is incorrect; even though we speak about something, the term discuss doesnt require a preposition. As such, if we were to use discussed in the sentence above, it would simply be: We discussed her neighbors awful choice of house paint. About: To Affect The word about can also be used to mean to affect, as in: There is nothing we can do about our neighbors house. Its staying lime green. About: Around We can also use it to mean distributed around an area: In my town, there are several horribly painted houses about. Or on ones person: She concealed the blue paint about her as she crept up on the house in the dead of night. About: Approximately or Nearly It can also be used to mean approximately, as in: After repainting her neighbors house, she was caught by the cops. They say shell get about 10 months in jail for criminal damage. Furthermore, it can mean nearly: In her mugshot, she was about the same height as Jackson Pollock. About: Movement We can even use the word about to mean movement: As the cops drove up, she was still flinging blue paint about wildly. These are just some of the ways in which about can be used, so dont forget to check a dictionary if youre unsure whether you should be using this term in any particular example.

Learn About Indias Seven Union Territories

Learn About India's Seven Union Territories India is the worlds second most populous country in the world and the country occupies most of the Indian subcontinent in southern Asia. It is the worlds largest democracy and is considered a developing nation. India is a federal republic and is broken down into 28 states and seven union territories. Indias 28 states have their own elected governments for local administration whereas the union territories are administrative divisions which are controlled directly by the federal government by an administrator or lieutenant-governor who is appointed by the President of India. The following is a list of Indias seven union territories organized by land area. Population numbers have been included for reference as have capitals for the territories which have one. Indias Union Territories 1) Andaman and Nicobar Islands Area: 3,185 square miles (8,249 sq km) Capital: Port Blair Population: 356,152 2) Delhi Area: 572 square miles (1,483 sq km) Capital: none Population: 13,850,507 3) Dadra and Nagar Haveli Area: 190 square miles (491 sq km) Capital: Silvassa Population: 220,490 4) Puducherry Area: 185 square miles (479 sq km) Capital: Puducherry Population: 974,345 5) Chandigarh Area: 44 square miles (114 sq km) Capital: Chandigarh Population: 900,635 6) Daman and Diu Area: 43 square miles (112 sq km) Capital: Daman Population: 158,204 7) Lakshadweep Area: 12 square miles (32 sq km) Capital: Kavaratti Population: 60,650 Reference Wikipedia. (7 June 2010). States and Territories of India - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India

Integrating Design and Production Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7750 words

Integrating Design and Production - Coursework Example The intense competitiveness in the market has caused a rapid increase in the demand for integrated design and production tools and techniques. However the modern manufacturing firms have been known to offer new products to the customers at a lower cost but with high quality. Thus, integrating design and production can be considered on three different theoretical concepts, such as ontological (metaphysical) assumptions, a theory of production and a theory of management in order to manage and integrate of design and production of projects. It was Ohno, a production engineer at Toyota, who for the first time broke through the conventional barrier between design and manufacturing and introduced the concept of production design in the manufacturing industry as a useful tool. Project process or life span is defined as "the sequence of phases through which the project will evolve" (Monden, 1992). The project process matters in design planning and final execution phases. The time cycle is directly associated with the life span of the project so that from the time of design the project till its final phase of full implementation the life cycle will evolve from one phase to the other. However the life cycle is directly related to the structure of the project and therefore some projects require approval at the end of each phase. Thus planned sequences or phases involve corporate operations of the new project and therefore management should focuses on the significance of skills, resources and organizational controls in managing the project.Lean construction is a method applied in the process of project delivery and is based on a waste-minimizing and value maximizing production management principle. The phrase "Lean Construction" was first coined by the International Group for Lean Construction at its inaugural meeting in 1993. In the construction industry this principle acquires a still lager dimension in that the approach is adopted through the whole process of manufacturing process design, planning, supply management and assembling (Shingo, 1989). Lean production as associated with management is a systemic approach to minimizing losses or waste and maximizing value creation so that the subsequent techniques are refined to achieve a degree of sophistication in preconceived management settings. The following four aspectual phases have been suggested in modern literature on the subject as more perceptive in terms of design, performance, delivery and control. The construction facility and its delivery have to be designed and planned in a manner that takes into consideration the customer's purpose and need. The rationale for positive iteration is emphasized so that negative iteration is minimized as far as possible (Brookfield, & Skaysbrook, 2004). Designing the structural perimeters of the project in a manner to achieve value at the highest possible level and minimize waste at the delivery stage. This is essentially associated with the process facilitation because when construction projects are designed processes become complex as the delivery phase comes closer. Total performance concept is emphasized as a measure aimed at improving the qualitative outcomes. Thus project performance as a whole is much more important than cost reduction measures and relative speed. Controlling processes and systems is central to the monitoring task in lean construction. Thus there is

Essay Summary Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary - Essay Example unconsciously mold society through these tools, wherein these tools also mold their values, beliefs, attitudes, and practices in their different fields and in their own homes and families (277). In â€Å"Authoritarian High Modernism,† James Scott agrees that architecture can respond to various social problems during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Like Le Corbusier, Scott believes that architecture rises to the challenge of social changes due to technological and economic progress. Scott also asserts that studying the origin of architecture was and is a modern activity because it fits the constant desire for social benefits and social solutions. His difference with Le Corbusier is his specific focus on high modernism that has its strengths of trying to improve the social fabric and enabling the social participation of modernist thinkers, while its weaknesses are ruthlessness in advancing modernist ideals and disastrous effects, when political controls are weak or defi cient. 2. In â€Å"Ornament and Crime,† Loos criticizes the use of ornament in architecture. Loos asserts that using ornaments buildings is a crime of the degenerate (20). In order to be culturally developed, he emphasizes that architects must remove ornaments from their buildings (Loos 20). Furthermore, Loose argues that ornamentation wastes time and energy. Architects must focus on function, not ornamental form, to create buildings that have true functions for users. Finally, Loos thinks that to vie for ornaments is not natural of higher intelligence. Ornaments are superficial and wasteful exercises for him. Semper feels differently in â€Å"The Textile Art† because he argues that textiles and buildings have the same origins- the need to turn invisible open space into visibly enclosed spaces. Whereas Loos finds ornament as unnatural, Semper asserts that ornamenting the body and the space through architecture is natural to people’s desire for art (254). Despite these differences, Semper and

The Joy of Soy :: Argumentative Health Diet Essays

The Joy of Soy In Chinese, the word for soybean is ta-tou, which translates, "greater bean" (Simmons 1991). Many Americans who are trying to make changes in their health are beginning to agree with this definition. Soybeans are becoming a legume of the future. SOY - CAN IT SURVIVE THE HYPE? Scientific research has discovered that adding soy foods to your diet can dramatically improve your health (http://www.ncw.net/alpha/pam5.html). People that incorporate soybeans and soy products into their diet have been shown to live healthier lives. The substitution of soy proteins for animal proteins in the diet can have dramatic affects on a person's health, though many Americans have not yet discovered the use of soy in the diet. The most common form of soy protein is derived from "white flakes," that are made by dehulling, flaking, and defatting soybeans by hexane extraction. These flakes contain 50-54% protein, and these flakes can be extracted to produce soy concentrates containing 65-70% protein (Lusas, l995). Soybeans, which were originally brought to the United States by Chinese immigrants, were discovered by Dr. John Henry Kellogg, who first used the soybean to develop a substitute for the traditional bacon and egg breakfast. He was also the first to develop meat substitutes and soymilk made from soybeans (http://www.vrp.com/soy.htm). The soybean is naturally rich in phosphatidycholine, which is an important component of the cell membranes and also an efficient delivery system of nutrients (http://www.eastcoast.com/freelife/product.htm). Recently, the soybean has undergone a transformation from food to medicine (http://www.vrp.com/soy.htm). THE PRODUCT Dr. Earl Mindell's company, FreeLife, has produced a line of soy-based health supplements that combine the soybean and the Japanese Grape Seed. These products are composed of Dr. Mindell's homemade Ultra Soy Complexes as well as a variety of other vitamins and minerals. These soy-based supplements are advertised and marketed on the internet; designed to catch the eye of the health-conscious reader. Dr. Mindell has hundreds of advertisements, and even his own home page. The first thought that comes to mind when reading these advertisements is, "Why should I believe this and switch my diet to a soy-based diet?" While the effects of Dr. Mindell's products may be slightly exaggerated, there may actually be more to a soy diet than many Americans would like to admit. Dr. Mindell's soy products must each be examined separately in order to discern the true effects of the product on a person's diet. The Joy of Soy :: Argumentative Health Diet Essays The Joy of Soy In Chinese, the word for soybean is ta-tou, which translates, "greater bean" (Simmons 1991). Many Americans who are trying to make changes in their health are beginning to agree with this definition. Soybeans are becoming a legume of the future. SOY - CAN IT SURVIVE THE HYPE? Scientific research has discovered that adding soy foods to your diet can dramatically improve your health (http://www.ncw.net/alpha/pam5.html). People that incorporate soybeans and soy products into their diet have been shown to live healthier lives. The substitution of soy proteins for animal proteins in the diet can have dramatic affects on a person's health, though many Americans have not yet discovered the use of soy in the diet. The most common form of soy protein is derived from "white flakes," that are made by dehulling, flaking, and defatting soybeans by hexane extraction. These flakes contain 50-54% protein, and these flakes can be extracted to produce soy concentrates containing 65-70% protein (Lusas, l995). Soybeans, which were originally brought to the United States by Chinese immigrants, were discovered by Dr. John Henry Kellogg, who first used the soybean to develop a substitute for the traditional bacon and egg breakfast. He was also the first to develop meat substitutes and soymilk made from soybeans (http://www.vrp.com/soy.htm). The soybean is naturally rich in phosphatidycholine, which is an important component of the cell membranes and also an efficient delivery system of nutrients (http://www.eastcoast.com/freelife/product.htm). Recently, the soybean has undergone a transformation from food to medicine (http://www.vrp.com/soy.htm). THE PRODUCT Dr. Earl Mindell's company, FreeLife, has produced a line of soy-based health supplements that combine the soybean and the Japanese Grape Seed. These products are composed of Dr. Mindell's homemade Ultra Soy Complexes as well as a variety of other vitamins and minerals. These soy-based supplements are advertised and marketed on the internet; designed to catch the eye of the health-conscious reader. Dr. Mindell has hundreds of advertisements, and even his own home page. The first thought that comes to mind when reading these advertisements is, "Why should I believe this and switch my diet to a soy-based diet?" While the effects of Dr. Mindell's products may be slightly exaggerated, there may actually be more to a soy diet than many Americans would like to admit. Dr. Mindell's soy products must each be examined separately in order to discern the true effects of the product on a person's diet.

Int Fin

Sample Midterm #1 Questions 1. Which of the following does not constitute a form of direct foreign investment? a. Franchising b. International trade c. Joint ventures d. Acquisitions of existing operations e. Establishment of new foreign subsidiaries 2. Which of the following theories identifies specialization as a reason for international business? a. theory of comparative advantage. b. imperfect markets theory. c. product cycle theory. d. none of the above 3. Agency costs faced by multinational corporations (MNCs) may be larger than those faced by purely domestic firms because a.Monitoring of managers located in foreign countries is more difficult. b. Foreign subsidiary managers raised in different cultures may not follow uniform goals. c. MNCs are relatively large. d. All of the above e. A and B only 4. Which of the following industries would most likely take advantage of lower costs in some less developed foreign countries? a. assembly line production. b. specialized professional services. c. nuclear missile planning. d. planning for more sophisticated computer technology. 5. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) increased restrictions on: a. rade between Canada and Mexico. b. trade between Canada and the U. S. c. direct foreign investment in Mexico by U. S. firms. d. none of the above. 6. Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a possible means by which the government may attempt to improve its balance of trade position (increase its exports or reduce its imports). a. It could attempt to reduce its home currency's value. b. The government could require firms to engage in outsourcing. c. The government could require that its local firms pursue outsourcing. d. All of the above are mentioned. . If a country's government imposes a tariff on imported goods, that country's current account balance will likely ____ (assuming no retaliation by other governments). a. decrease b. increase c. remain unaffected d. either A or C are possible 8. Assu me that a bank's bid rate on Swiss francs is $. 45 and its ask rate is $. 47. Its bid-ask percentage spread is: a. about 4. 44%. b. about 4. 26%. c. about 4. 03%. d. about 4. 17%. 9. If a U. S. firm desires to avoid the risk from exchange rate fluctuations, and it is receiving 100,000 in 90 days, it could: a. btain a 90-day forward purchase contract on euros. b. obtain a 90-day forward sale contract on euros. c. purchase euros 90 days from now at the spot rate. d. sell euros 90 days from now at the spot rate. 10. LIBOR is: a. the interest rate commonly charged for loans between banks. b. the average inflation rate in European countries. c. the maximum loan rate ceiling on loans in the international money market. d. the maximum deposit rate ceiling on deposits in the international money market. e. the maximum interest rate offered on bonds that are issued in London. 11. Eurobonds: a. an be issued only by European firms. b. can be sold only to European investors. c. A and B d. none of the above 12. A Japanese yen is worth $. 0080, and a Fijian dollar (F$) is worth $. 5900. What is the value of the yen in Fijian dollars (i. e. , how many Fijian dollars do you need to buy a yen)? a. 73. 75. b. 125. c. 1. 69. d. 0. 014. e. none of the above 13. A quotation representing the value of a foreign currency in dollars is referred to as a(n) ____ quotation; a quotation representing the number of units of a foreign currency per dollar is referred to as a(n) ____ quotation. . direct; indirect b. indirect; direct c. direct; direct d. indirect; indirect e. cannot be answered without more information 14. The value of the Australian dollar (A$) today is $0. 73. Yesterday, the value of the Australian dollar was $0. 69. The Australian dollar ____ by ____%. a. depreciated; 5. 80 b. depreciated; 4. 00 c. appreciated; 5. 80 d. appreciated; 4. 00 15. Baylor Bank believes the New Zealand dollar will appreciate over the next five days from $. 48 to $. 50. The following annual interest r ates apply: Currency Dollars New Zealand dollar (NZ$) Lending Rate 7. 10% . 80% Borrowing Rate 7. 50% 7. 25% Baylor Bank has the capacity to borrow either NZ$10 million or $5 million. If Baylor Bank's forecast is correct, what will its dollar profit be from speculation over the five-day period (assuming it does not use any of its existing consumer deposits to capitalize on its expectations)? a. $521,325. b. $500,520. c. $104,262. d. $413,419. e. $208,044. 16. If inflation increases substantially in Australia while U. S. inflation remains unchanged, this is expected to place ____ pressure on the value of the Australian dollar with respect to the U. S. ollar. a. upward b. downward c. either upward or downward (depending on the degree of the increase in Australian inflation) d. none of the above; there will be no impact 17. The one-year forward rate of the British pound is quoted at $1. 60, and the spot rate of the British pound is quoted at $1. 63. The forward ____ is ____ percent. a. discount; 1. 9 b. discount; 1. 8 c. premium; 1. 9 d. premium; 1. 8 18. If your firm expects the euro to substantially depreciate, it could speculate by ____ euro call options or ____ euros forward in the forward exchange market. a. selling; selling . selling; purchasing c. purchasing; purchasing d. purchasing; selling 19. Assume that a speculator purchases a put option on British pounds (with a strike price of $1. 50) for $. 05 per unit. A pound option represents 31,250 units. Assume that at the time of the purchase, the spot rate of the pound is $1. 51 and continually rises to $1. 62 by the expiration date. The highest net profit possible for the speculator based on the information above is: a. $1,562. 50. b. ?$1,562. 50. c. ?$1,250. 00. d. ?$625. 00. 20. You purchase a call option on pounds for a premium of $. 3 per unit, with an exercise price of $1. 64; the option will not be exercised until the expiration date, if at all. If the spot rate on the expiration date is $1. 65, your net profit per unit is: a. ?$. 03. b. ?$. 02. c. ?$. 01. d. $. 02. e. none of the above 21. A U. S. corporation has purchased currency call options to hedge a 70,000 pound payable. The premium is $. 02 and the exercise price of the option is $. 50. If the spot rate at the time of maturity is $. 65, what is the total amount paid by the corporation if it acts rationally? a. $33,600. b. $46,900. c. $44,100. d. $36,400. 22.Which of the following is not true regarding the Mexican peso crisis? a. Mexico encouraged firms and consumers to buy an excessive amount of imports because the peso was stronger than it should have been. b. Many speculators based in the U. S. speculated on the potential decline in the peso by investing their funds in Mexico. c. In December of 1994, the central bank of Mexico allowed the peso to float freely. d. The central bank of Mexico increased interest rates after the peso declined in value in order to prevent investors from withdrawing their investments in Mexi co's debt securities. e. All of the above are true. Int Fin Sample Midterm #1 Questions 1. Which of the following does not constitute a form of direct foreign investment? a. Franchising b. International trade c. Joint ventures d. Acquisitions of existing operations e. Establishment of new foreign subsidiaries 2. Which of the following theories identifies specialization as a reason for international business? a. theory of comparative advantage. b. imperfect markets theory. c. product cycle theory. d. none of the above 3. Agency costs faced by multinational corporations (MNCs) may be larger than those faced by purely domestic firms because a.Monitoring of managers located in foreign countries is more difficult. b. Foreign subsidiary managers raised in different cultures may not follow uniform goals. c. MNCs are relatively large. d. All of the above e. A and B only 4. Which of the following industries would most likely take advantage of lower costs in some less developed foreign countries? a. assembly line production. b. specialized professional services. c. nuclear missile planning. d. planning for more sophisticated computer technology. 5. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) increased restrictions on: a. rade between Canada and Mexico. b. trade between Canada and the U. S. c. direct foreign investment in Mexico by U. S. firms. d. none of the above. 6. Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a possible means by which the government may attempt to improve its balance of trade position (increase its exports or reduce its imports). a. It could attempt to reduce its home currency's value. b. The government could require firms to engage in outsourcing. c. The government could require that its local firms pursue outsourcing. d. All of the above are mentioned. . If a country's government imposes a tariff on imported goods, that country's current account balance will likely ____ (assuming no retaliation by other governments). a. decrease b. increase c. remain unaffected d. either A or C are possible 8. Assu me that a bank's bid rate on Swiss francs is $. 45 and its ask rate is $. 47. Its bid-ask percentage spread is: a. about 4. 44%. b. about 4. 26%. c. about 4. 03%. d. about 4. 17%. 9. If a U. S. firm desires to avoid the risk from exchange rate fluctuations, and it is receiving 100,000 in 90 days, it could: a. btain a 90-day forward purchase contract on euros. b. obtain a 90-day forward sale contract on euros. c. purchase euros 90 days from now at the spot rate. d. sell euros 90 days from now at the spot rate. 10. LIBOR is: a. the interest rate commonly charged for loans between banks. b. the average inflation rate in European countries. c. the maximum loan rate ceiling on loans in the international money market. d. the maximum deposit rate ceiling on deposits in the international money market. e. the maximum interest rate offered on bonds that are issued in London. 11. Eurobonds: a. an be issued only by European firms. b. can be sold only to European investors. c. A and B d. none of the above 12. A Japanese yen is worth $. 0080, and a Fijian dollar (F$) is worth $. 5900. What is the value of the yen in Fijian dollars (i. e. , how many Fijian dollars do you need to buy a yen)? a. 73. 75. b. 125. c. 1. 69. d. 0. 014. e. none of the above 13. A quotation representing the value of a foreign currency in dollars is referred to as a(n) ____ quotation; a quotation representing the number of units of a foreign currency per dollar is referred to as a(n) ____ quotation. . direct; indirect b. indirect; direct c. direct; direct d. indirect; indirect e. cannot be answered without more information 14. The value of the Australian dollar (A$) today is $0. 73. Yesterday, the value of the Australian dollar was $0. 69. The Australian dollar ____ by ____%. a. depreciated; 5. 80 b. depreciated; 4. 00 c. appreciated; 5. 80 d. appreciated; 4. 00 15. Baylor Bank believes the New Zealand dollar will appreciate over the next five days from $. 48 to $. 50. The following annual interest r ates apply: Currency Dollars New Zealand dollar (NZ$) Lending Rate 7. 10% . 80% Borrowing Rate 7. 50% 7. 25% Baylor Bank has the capacity to borrow either NZ$10 million or $5 million. If Baylor Bank's forecast is correct, what will its dollar profit be from speculation over the five-day period (assuming it does not use any of its existing consumer deposits to capitalize on its expectations)? a. $521,325. b. $500,520. c. $104,262. d. $413,419. e. $208,044. 16. If inflation increases substantially in Australia while U. S. inflation remains unchanged, this is expected to place ____ pressure on the value of the Australian dollar with respect to the U. S. ollar. a. upward b. downward c. either upward or downward (depending on the degree of the increase in Australian inflation) d. none of the above; there will be no impact 17. The one-year forward rate of the British pound is quoted at $1. 60, and the spot rate of the British pound is quoted at $1. 63. The forward ____ is ____ percent. a. discount; 1. 9 b. discount; 1. 8 c. premium; 1. 9 d. premium; 1. 8 18. If your firm expects the euro to substantially depreciate, it could speculate by ____ euro call options or ____ euros forward in the forward exchange market. a. selling; selling . selling; purchasing c. purchasing; purchasing d. purchasing; selling 19. Assume that a speculator purchases a put option on British pounds (with a strike price of $1. 50) for $. 05 per unit. A pound option represents 31,250 units. Assume that at the time of the purchase, the spot rate of the pound is $1. 51 and continually rises to $1. 62 by the expiration date. The highest net profit possible for the speculator based on the information above is: a. $1,562. 50. b. ?$1,562. 50. c. ?$1,250. 00. d. ?$625. 00. 20. You purchase a call option on pounds for a premium of $. 3 per unit, with an exercise price of $1. 64; the option will not be exercised until the expiration date, if at all. If the spot rate on the expiration date is $1. 65, your net profit per unit is: a. ?$. 03. b. ?$. 02. c. ?$. 01. d. $. 02. e. none of the above 21. A U. S. corporation has purchased currency call options to hedge a 70,000 pound payable. The premium is $. 02 and the exercise price of the option is $. 50. If the spot rate at the time of maturity is $. 65, what is the total amount paid by the corporation if it acts rationally? a. $33,600. b. $46,900. c. $44,100. d. $36,400. 22.Which of the following is not true regarding the Mexican peso crisis? a. Mexico encouraged firms and consumers to buy an excessive amount of imports because the peso was stronger than it should have been. b. Many speculators based in the U. S. speculated on the potential decline in the peso by investing their funds in Mexico. c. In December of 1994, the central bank of Mexico allowed the peso to float freely. d. The central bank of Mexico increased interest rates after the peso declined in value in order to prevent investors from withdrawing their investments in Mexi co's debt securities. e. All of the above are true.