Cybercrime and Digital Evidence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cybercrime and Digital Evidence - Assignment Example In any case, the web clients must embrace and apply all the important digital security approaches. The as of now expanding methods of cybercrimes incorporate encryption and obscurity that are developing to propel levels. In any case, PC criminological has stayed an essential device in wiped out all cybercrimes just as indicting such related lawbreakers including sexual stalkers, psychological militants, and murders. Fear mongers may utilize the web stage to enlist individuals and plan their dread demonstrations, while the sexual stalkers are probably going to utilize web based life locales to draw potential casualties. The majority of these wrongdoings ordinarily go undetected particularly when the criminal examination group utilizes advances that were executed before some PC innovative headways (Maras 151). Be that as it may, the criminal financial specialists must note that none is lost and they can at present seek after digital hoodlums regardless of whether they erase the data th at might be viewed as illicit information or data. Quite, when people use PC, they frequently believe that when they erase such data or information, all such is eradicated totally. In actuality, such records and information for the most part stay in the hard circle; in this manner, giving foundation of exploring or potentially following digital related crimes. Erased document and information for the most part stay in the in a paired structure as a result of â€Å"data remanence† that is additionally considered as lingering information introduction. Extraction of such information and records are roads that cybercrime examiners ought to convey to indict the hoodlums. Truth be told, erasing of the document or potentially information is only a simple renaming the information or record and concealing it from the client. This implies the first document can in any case be recuperated in its unique substance; in this manner, can be utilized for arraignment (Maras 172). Along these li nes, the general population or people who have encountered cybercrime related exercises must not serge on the affection that the speculated criminal has erased the data they utilized against them, however they should report the equivalent since such data could be recovered for additional activities. Furthermore, the worldwide position frameworks (GPS) programming is typically implanted in the satellite a cell phones route frameworks are additionally methods of indictment since they can be utilized to follow a suspect. The GPS related data can be followed from the structure makers since the organizations that build up this product for the most part create satellite pilots; in this way, utilizing vital devices and advancements the PC criminological specialists ought to liaise with the GPS designer to acquire the data that they requirement for wrongdoing purposes. Prominently, data for the most part goes through web through the GPS frameworks and the equivalent is appropriated through satellite. Be that as it may, the utilization of GPS to follow criminal might be turn vain since GPS programming is just constrained to certain location posting. Truth be told, the present GPS programming frameworks don't record time when the location was accomplished; hence, utilizing them will make it hard to decide when the supposed wrongdoing was submitted. Also, it might be hard to find out whether the location recorded in the GPS programming framework was naturally created or was a unimportant contribution to involve an individual. Thusly, it would be fitting for the PC fore

A Typology for foodservice menu development

A Typology for foodservice menu improvement Making a menu for veggie lovers, numerous food administrations don't consider the points of interest of the sustenance of such individuals. Also, a great deal of extra factors are to be considered about veggie lovers while building up a menu fir them. Much consideration ought to be paid to the reasons individuals have applied to which picking their diet.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on A Typology for foodservice menu advancement explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The food administrations are to comprehend the brain science of veggie lovers to ensure that they have built up the menu for them effectively and to realize some specific principles as indicated by which the menu is to be created. Amir Shani and Robin B. DiPietro in their article Vegetarians: A typology for foodservice menu development† talk about the issues the food administrations expert when they are going to build up a menu for vegans. Firs of every one of, the creator s express the way that the exploration in the circle isn't sufficient. The food administration menu advancement is the subject which is considered in numerous diaries, in any case, the issue of vegan menu isn't normally talked about. Feasting is one of the Western exercises and veggie lovers need to have an impeccably evolved dinner on the off chance that it is conceivable. In this manner, giving a lot of consideration to the inspiration for being a veggie lover as the fundamental factor food administrations ought to allude to while building up a menu, the writers of the article have chosen to think about the issue as close as could be expected under the circumstances. The creators allude to the accompanying troubles in building up the menu, absence of information about veggie lover food, nonappearance of the warning in the menu that a food is vegan, constrained assortment of decision of the veggie lover food, nearness of the concealed meat in the food, for example, hamburger enhanc ing, and so forth., and the powerlessness to comprehend the reasons why individuals expend vegan food which is extremely significant. Abiding upon the reasons of the little research in the circle, the creators allude to the issue of exhausting and unacceptable mentality to veggie lover food. In any case, this isn't generally right and numerous cooks start to give more consideration to veggie lover food in a few reasons.Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on wellbeing medication? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First of every single, numerous individuals become inspired by vegan food. Second, the interest on such sort of food empowers the cooks make something fascinating and the improvement of the veggie lover menu turns into another issue for the eateries. In addition, the inclination to solid nourishment expands the quantity of the individuals who lean toward veggie lover food, in any case, there are individuals who a re vegans as a result of different reasons. Amir Shani and Robin B. DiPietro are certain that the reasons why individuals have picked veggie lover diet ought to be thought of while building up the vegan menu as to meet the wants of various clients, the café is to attempt to fulfill the requirements of every one of the clients. The individual methodology is extremely significant as attempting to focus on every specific client, the café is going to win in examination with the food administration where the menu is coordinated for all veggie lovers without separation. Attempting to separate the veggie lover eats less carbs with the reason to focus on consumers’ needs, the creator distinguish wellbeing concerned vegans, weight-concerned veggie lovers, tangible vegans, comfort vegans, strict vegans, monetarily vegans, social veggie lovers, moral veggie lovers, ecological veggie lovers, and philanthropic veggie lovers (Shani and DiPietro 70). Contingent upon the reasons why indivi duals have decided not to eat meat and different results of living root, individuals will pick the suppers in the menu. Along these lines, the eatery chiefs are to consider the requirements of each gathering referenced above and to ensure that the menu will contain the things which will fulfill the necessities of every class. The article is significant for its suggestions for the further research and suggestions for professionals. The creators have led the writing survey and they capable stay upon the eventual fate of the circle. In this manner, the creators of the exploration need to guide the café administrators who need to pull in more customers to heterogeneous market portion. The specialists are certain that the inspiration for following the veggie lover showcase is significant in picking the items. In this way, the food administration chiefs are to build up the menu as per the necessities of the clients. The writers reason that the principle factor the eatery directors are to focus on is the severity of the diet.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on A Typology for foodservice menu advancement explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More To the point, while building up the menu for veggie lovers, chiefs are to focus on showcase division, proper staff preparing, menu structure, and little subtleties which might be extremely significant. The case of such detail is the serving of the soy milk alongside of cow milk. Building up a successful menu â€Å"Foodservice administrators should consistently grow new items and change old ones to provoke customer curiosity and draw in rehash business† is the explanation which fills in as the preface in the article Developing a compelling menu by Heather Henstock. The fundamental thought the writer of the article needed to convey to the crowd is the possibility that adjustments in the menu are mandatory. Regardless of how fruitful the menu is, the supervisors are to comprehend that solitary consistent and routinely improvement might be an assurance of accomplishment. The Nice Easy Grocery shops are picked as the model toward the start of the article. The shop has been selling the specific kind of servings of mixed greens and the items were effective, anyway they couldn't arrive at their maximum capacity. The employing of the new boss to the store assisted with leading the smallest changes which have increment the capability of the menu and of the shop subsequently. The creators of the exploration have rolled out the improvement in the menu the focal thought for the conversation. In addition, the creator expresses that the progressions are to be led routinely so as to make the customers intrigued by the future changes. Consequently, if the clients become accustomed to the way that ach week (month, decade) the eatery change the menu, the expansion of the guests in the day of changes might be seen as individuals like changes, they are keen on new dishes and the c apacity to furnish the clients with what they need is actually what ought to be the primary thought of the menu improvement process. Heather Henstock stresses that segment and psychographic factors are to be thought of while building up the menu. The menu designers are comprehend what sorts of customers go to their eateries and how the decision of either supper may affect their longing to go to the eatery again.Advertising Searching for look into paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The menu engineers are to comprehend that the food which is excessively famous in one piece of the city might be completely out of interest in another. This is associated with individuals and their inclinations in eating. In blend with the progressions which are to be available in any eatery, the menu designers are to recollect about the suppers which are too well known to be in any way changed. In this manner, if a menu designer will give the adjustments in the item some specific gathering of individuals go to the café for, they won't go to the eatery again in the event that they neglect to get what they need. Along these lines, the writer of the article weight on the possibility of sane changes to the menu while its turn of events. Alongside changes, the writer of the article prescribes to focus on the totally new items which might be fascinating to the shoppers. There are a great deal of suppers and items and it is difficult to have all the assortment of things in the menu of one explicit eatery. In any case, the endeavors to include something new o the menu ought to be empowered as this is one of the parts of a change. Introducing another item in the menu, the menu designers should expel one of the things from the menu. To the point, it is monetarily favorable to expel the things from the menu which are out of interest and substitute those with the changed or the new ones. The writer of the article expresses that the disappointment of give changes to the menu may ruin the notoriety of the café. Individuals live in the cutting edge socialized existence where globalization assumes a significant job. Globalization of all circles of human life has made the conditions that individuals became acclimated to steady changes and improvement. Stable life isn't what individuals have used to. In this manner, when individuals don't see the adjustments (in the menu for his situation) they lose intrigue. The individuals who don't need the clients to lose the enthusiasm f or their eatery ought to normally change the menu and execute the curiosities as the piece of the menu improvement process. Henstock, Heather. Building up a powerful menu. Accommodation Store Decisions 22.10 (2011): 62-66. Print. Shani, Amir, and Robin B. DiPietro. Veggie lovers: A typology for foodservice menu advancement. FIU Hospitality Review 25.2 (2007): 66-73. Print.

Helms, Richard McGarrah

Helms, Richard McGarrah Helms, Richard McGarrah, 1913â€"2002, U.S. government official, b. St. Davids, Pa. In 1942, Helms joined the U.S. navy where he engaged in intelligence work for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). He was one of the architects of the legislation creating (1947) the OSS's successor, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and he became its chief expert on espionage operations. Helms served as both CIA deputy director (1965â€"66) and director (1966â€"73). The most controversial events overseen by Helms during his directorship were the Watergate affair and the U.S.-aided coup in Chile that overthrew Salvador Allende . Helms was later ambassador to Iran (1973â€"77). In 1977, Helms pleaded no contest to charges of failing to testify fully and accurately to a Senate committee about covert CIA activities. See his autobiography (with W. Hood, 2003); biography by T. Powers (1979). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All r ights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Conjugation of Lesen German Verb Lesen

The Role of External Auditing in Public Sector Governance....

TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.i Acknowledgements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ii Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦iii Dedication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.iv CHAPTER ONE –INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 1.1Background to the problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 1.2 Objectives of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 1.3 Research Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 1.4 Research Questions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 1.5 Sub-Questions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 1.6 Statement of Hypothesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 1.7 Justification†¦show more content†¦I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to my family ,without the your financial support and encouraging support I wouldn’t have gotten this far. A special note of appreciation also goes out to the following individuals for their unwavering support through out the preparation of this project Mr. P.T .Nyamuvhurudza Mr. T Mukono Takudzwa Nyuke Tapiwa Magunda Mildred Pepukai You gave me priceless assistance guys May the Lord continue to bless you and your families. ABSTRACT We are living in a dynamic world characterized by spontaneous changes happening in the twinkle of the eye brought about mainly by changes in Information Technology. Information Technology is slowly changing the manner of our daily living and our jobs. This research was set out to identify the changes that Information Technology has brought about specifically on the auditing profession. The research was prompted mainly by the observations that the researcher witnessed during their industrial attachment experience within an audit firm. The choice to focus on the implications on the auditing profession was due to the fact that the researcher has interest in the changes that are occurring in the audit profession in the past decade due toShow MoreRelatedCorporate Governance and Auditors14709 Words   |  59 Pages2009.stability is projected to spur growth in the financial, manufacturing and other sectors of the economy. However liquidity remains a challenge thereby lending and profitability, which impact on recapitalization of the economy. The research is of the view that under the aforementioned scene, proper corporate governance structures are inevitable. There is need for improvement on the issues of corporate governance in all corners of the economy if real economic growth is to be realized. The researchRead MoreThe Adopting Process of International Financial Reporting Standard (Ifrs) on a Developing Economy5475 Words   |  22 Pagesregulatory framework, awareness campaign, and training of personnel. Recommendations were made to forestall such challenges which include strengthening education and training, establishment of an independent body to monitor and enforce accounting and auditing standards. Nigeria has decided to adopt International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) from 1st January 2012. Globalization and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have reduced the world to a global village. This has given rise toRead MoreMarketing Planning Process9555 Words   |  39 Pages 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Zimbabwe Newspapers (1980) Ltd is the oldest newspaper publisher and commercial printer in Zimbabwe, as well as being easily the largest publisher of newspapers, having dominated the industry for almost 120 years. The company is the proprietor of Zimbabwe’s leading daily newspapers, The Herald and the H-Metro and owns two weekly newspapers operating in tandem with the dailies, The Sunday Mail and Kwayedza. 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Second, we can recognize governments are losing sovereignty when faced with the economic activities of transnational companies and the violent threat from criminals and guerrillas. Third, non-governmental organizationsRead MoreKraft Annual Report99993 Words   |  400 PagesReporting Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Other Information Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and R elated Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accountant Fees and Services Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules Signatures Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Valuation and Qualifying

Marketing Management †Toyota Free Essays

Toyota Motors Marketing Plan for Hybrid Vehicles by geographic location (Europe) 1. 0 Executive Summary The Toyota Motor Company continues to strive to be the global market leader in the automobile manufacturing industry. Over the years, Toyota has managed to remain the leader of this industry through its management structure, fuel efficient vehicle design and competitive pricing based on global market knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Management – Toyota or any similar topic only for you Order Now Toyota has realized that environmentally conscious products were needed to ensure continued company (and sales) growth in the future. Toyota has been actively reducing its carbon footprint since 1998. Annually, Toyota has been publishing its Environmental and Social Sustainability report in order to enhance disclosure of information regarding environmental actions carried out in conjunction with its corporate activities. Through more efficient and â€Å"cleaner† production lines it has reduced its environmental impact. Toyota also seeks to be the market leader for so called â€Å"clean (or green) vehicles† such as Electric Vehicles, Hybrid Vehicles and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles. This marketing plan will discuss Toyota’s strategy with regards to green vehicles, with particular reference to one geographical location, Europe. This Marketing plan will have a closer look at how the European Branch operates within Toyota’s global structure and how it reflects Toyota’s overall vision of a cleaner, more sustainable future. 1. 1 Vision Toyota realizes that its future lies in the production of environmentally conscious cars. Toyota’s vision of a cleaner future revolves around two main points. Firstly, the production of vehicles that have a smaller impact on the environment. Along with â€Å"cleaner† versions of its gasoline powered cars, Toyota believes that the company’s success in the present and future lies in its line of Electric, Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles. Through this line of vehicles Toyota will be actively reducing environmental impact by producing cleaner cars for consumers to use. Secondly, Toyota believes that to achieve its goals towards a cleaner future, it must continuously strive to make its production lines even cleaner. In fact, since 2002 Toyota has managed to reduce the energy used or the production of vehicles by 40%, waste products by 50% and water consumption by 70% (Toyota Motors Europe: Sustainability Report 2011). Both of the above points fall under a global philosophy called â€Å"The Toyota Way†. As analysed by Liker (Liker J. , 2004) this holistic philosophy maintains fourteen key principles which Toyota has adopted to give its customers what they want, when they want it, in the most efficient wa y possible whilst leaving the smallest possible carbon footprint. Toyota also believes that continual growth can be achieved by exceeding its customers’ expectations. In fact the Toyota Global website(2012) states â€Å"our attitude is to anticipate and deliver to the needs of those we serve† 1. 2 Objectives Toyota’s main objectives are stated clearly in its Sustainability Report (2011). The said report outlines a global vision, to be attained by the year 2020. Toyota’s new Global Vision 2020 comprises of three main pillars: * Lead the way to the future of mobility, which is our core business. * Commit to quality, innovation, environmental protection and by doing so, make cars that people love. Engage our people’s energy and passion to â€Å"Always Find a Better Way† (Toyota Motors Europe: Sustainability Report 2011) 2. 0 Current Market Summary Traditionally, Toyota’s primarily focused on the US and Japanese markets. The European market is a fairly new addition to Toyota’s Sales portfolio. Although the European market for cars has seen a steady decline in recent years, Toyota currently holds a 4. 2% share of the total car market. In 2011 total sales in Europe amounted to 822,386, 10% of which were Hybrid vehicles. 2. 1 Market Needs Through Customer Relationship Management and market research, Toyota has established a new set of characteristics it’s vehicles need to satisfy in order to reach the Global Vision 2020. Toyota has determined it’s cars need to be: * Of high quality and reliability thus requiring infrequent maintenance. * Widely affordable, including increased affordability of Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid vehicles. * Silent in a world which is increasingly aware of noise pollution. * Easy to use, with particular reference to simplified user interfacing on new Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid vehicles * Clean. Even if in a traditional gasoline engine model emissions need to be kept to an absolute minimum. Whilst identifying the need for â€Å"cleaner† cars, Toyota has also launched the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) demo project in 18 European countries. This project involves a limited production line of 200 PHEV vehicles which are being road tested by customers in 18 European countries till 2013. So far the project has already increased awareness of PHEV cars and provided crucial data with regards to technical performance and customer satisfaction. This data will be used in the near future to launch a large scale PHEV production line. Toyota realises the importance of its customers time. The increasing use of the internet, especially in the early stages of a purchase, has made the company’s website an important asset. Therefore an updated website will all models, colours, specifications and options is of vital importance. 2. 2 Market Growth Despite the afore mentioned drop in car sales in Europe, Toyota has managed to sustain a positive growth within this market. Toyota aims to increase its European market share from 4. % to 4. 5% ( 835,000 vehicles sold) in 2012. In 2011 its Hybrid sales amounted to 10% of the total sales figure. Toyota seeks to increase this to 14% in 2012 and up to as much as 20% in 2013/14 (Reuters: 5th March 2012). To do so, Toyota has re-designed some of its more popular models (Yaris and Auris) and has offered them in both traditional gasoline engines and Hybrid configuration. To further maximise growth in the Hybrid and Plug-In sector, many of Toyota’s European distributors have started offering very advantageous finance schemes on these models. This means that a customer no longer needs to go through the bank to purchase a new car. 2. 3 Market Segmentations Toyota’s European Market is vastly diverse and requires heavy segmentation. Each market segment requires separate market research, a separate marketing strategy and a separate product offering all together. When segmenting the European market one has to take the following considerations: * Age of the target consumer * Social Standing * Occupation and thus purchasing power * Educational background * Other cultural and socio-economic factors For the purposes of this plan we shall conduct a socio-demographic segmentation. Market segments may include : * Young ,trendy people who opt for small, inexpensive, cheap to run vehicles. this segment is also very environmentally conscious. * Young adults with higher spending power who opt for small saloon, small SUV’s/mini-vans and 4Ãâ€"4 vehicles. This segment is also very environmentally conscious but less so than the young trendy people * Middle aged adults who are better off and can afford higher end vehicles such as large saloons and high end 4Ãâ€"4 vehicles. This segment is less environmentally conscious and therefore less likely to invest in a Hybrid or PHEW vehicle unless these become trendy to own. * Mature adults who are about to retire or have retired from work. This segment looking for comfort and practicality while still maintaining style. Depending on their occupation and ability to save(throughout their career), their spending power will vary. This segment is the least environmentally conscious. Other market segments include small, medium and large business organisations for which Toyota has developed a range of trucks and vans of various sizes and payload capacity. . 4 SWOT Analysis Strengths * Toyota has firmly placed itself as one of the leading car manufacturers in the world and is also steadily gaining ground in Europe. Toyota’s reputation for quality and reliability has help to breach and gain a foothold in the European automobile market. * Toyota is on the forefront of cutting edge technology and is the leading man ufacturer for Hybrid vehicles in Europe and aims to further increase sales of Hybrids and PHEV in the next 2 years. * The Toyota Way of management continues to advocate efficiency in the production, distribution and sales of Toyota vehicles. Toyota’s continues drive towards efficiency has led to a reduction in cost of production/distribution/sales * Toyota’s Sustainability Report informs partners, distributors, employees and customers of the company’s commitment to a cleaner future. This further reinforces Toyota’s Corporate Social Responsibility in the minds of all third parties. * The company has a highly skilled workforce * Wide distribution network through clearly marked Toyota stores and other authorised distributors allowing potential customers easy access to the company’s vehicles Weaknesses * Toyota’s size as an organisation is in itself a weakness. The scale of the company presents different sets of challenges. The decision making process may be slower than in other organisations due to the sheer size of the management structure. * A wide distribution network requires a large workforce dedicated to logistics and distribution which can be quite expensive. * A weakness can also be identified in the supply chain for hybrid vehicles in Europe. Even though hybrid Yaris and Auris models are produced in Britain (and as of April 2012, also in France) almost all of the parts used to make these vehicles have to be imported. This will increase the overall cost per unit, therefore reducing competitiveness. (Reuters 5th March 2012) * Toyota owns and runs 8 manufacturing plants, 14 parts centres and 9 vehicle logistic centres in Europe. These plants and centres have high fixed costs. With an expected 5% decrease in the demand for cars in Europe, these plants’ fixed costs may become a long term burden on Toyota Europe and may decrease profitability. Opportunities * Being on the forefront of hybrid and PHEV technology, Toyota is an ideal position to strengthen its hold on this market segment and increase overall sales in Europe. In fact sales targets for 2013/14 for hybrid vehicles are initially set at 14% and 20% at a later stage. Various governments are imposing lower licensing fees on hybrid vehicles thus providing the perfect incentive for consumers to opt for a Toyota hybrid model * Soaring fuel prices are driving consumers to look for alternative modes of transport. Toyota’s hybrid and PHEV vehicles are very fuel efficient thus providing Toyota with the perfect opportunity to increase its market share. * Toyota plans to start manufacturing parts for hybrid and PHEV in Europe once sales reach 150,000 hybrid vehicles per year. At present, these parts are imported from Asia and the US. The production of parts in Europe would bring significant savings in transport and logistical costs which would bring a lower cost per unit and in term allow Toyota to be even more competitive with its prices. This would also put Toyota in a position to offer maintenance services to its customers at a lower price. Threats * In recent years Toyota has had to recall millions of vehicles due to defective brakes, suspensions and accelerator units. Recalls have cost Toyota millions of dollars in the past and they continue to be a costly problem in the present and foreseeable future. Recalls can also have a negative effect on brand equity and effect sales growth in the long term. * New brands could increase competition and erode Toyota’s sales. New entrants from Korea, China and India are providing various market offerings, at different levels of quality and at increasingly competitive prices. * Soaring fuel prices and raw material prices could have a negative impact on costs of production and distribution therefore further reducing profitability. * Economic factors such as the global recession in the last 3/4 years and the lack of consumer confidence in banking institutions will have a negative effect on sales. In recent years, unemployment rates have risen in Europe making selling expensive commodities, such as cars, even harder. 2. 5 Competition The Automobile industry is in itself a fiercely competitive industry. Even more so in the European market place due to the numerous European car manufacturers. Toyota faces stiff competition from most European car makers as they market and sell the bulk of their products in Europe. Therefore when it comes to purchasing a car, the European consumer has many more product offerings to chose from. Most of the European car makers have developed entire fleets of cars to suite different budgets, demographics and astes. In Europe, specifications such as miles per gallon, design features and retail price, have become battle grounds for car manufacturers. Toyota also faces a socio-cultural challenge: European car manufacturers take pride in the fact that their cars are designed and built in Europe for Europeans. This, in a way, can prove to be an advantage for brands such as BMW, Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen. These brands can give the perception of being able to understand the European consumer’s needs better than their Asian and American counterparts. Toyota also faces stiff competition from other Asian manufacturers such as Kia, Hyundai and Honda. These manufacturers have also realised the importance of maximising fuel efficiency (with particular emphasis to small urban/city cars). Asia manufacturers have also been able to compete when it comes to retail price. Labour is relatively cheap in certain parts of Asia, thus allowing Asian manufacturers to keep costs of production low and passing on the savings to its customers. Competition has also risen due to new entrants into the European market. American giant General Motors launched Chevrolet Europe in 2005. Chevrolet have redesigned product offerings and created new product offerings to suit the European market. How to cite Marketing Management – Toyota, Essay examples

Teen Smoking Essay Example For Students

Teen Smoking Essay Problems With Teen Smoking in AmericaTeen smoking is a serious problem in the United States because the tobacco industry targets teenagers with their persuasive advertising. We see often in public places, teenagers who are standing around, smoking cigarettes. Recently, there has been legislation that has been turned down by Republicans in Congress, which was supposed to send a strong message to the tobacco industry. While this legislation was turned down, President Bill Clinton has vowed to continue his efforts to lower the rates of teen smoking. Yes, this problem steadily increases and the age groups become younger, but the problem will get worse if Congress does not try to target the tobacco industry. We will write a custom essay on Teen Smoking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many teen smokers take up smoking as a daily habit. The number of teen smokers has increased to 73 percent between 1988 and 1996. This percentage was proposed on October 8, 1998. More than 1.2 million Americans under the age of eighteen started smoking daily in 1996, up from an estimated 708,000 in 1988. The rate teens become teen smokers has also increased up to fifty percent. In 1996, 77 out of every 1, 000 nonsmoking teens picked up the habit. In 1988, the rate was 51 per 1,000. The study was based on surveys of 78,330 Americans between the ages of 12 and 66 conducted by the CDC between 1994 and 1997. They asked if they ever had a daily smoking habit and if so, when they started. They were also asked when they smoked their first cigarette. There have been recent studies that prove that increasing the prices of tobacco will reduce the number of teen smokers. The tobacco companies know that increasing the price of tobacco will decrease teen smoking. Tobacco companies deny that they are increasing the prices of tobacco, but they still continue to recruit new smokers who are young. An estimated 420,000 teenagers were prevented from becoming smokers due to price increases in tobacco. The tobacco industry, on the other hand, is conducting a multi-million dollar campaign disinforming the public that they are not increasing prices to reduce teen smoking. There have been numerous economic researches in peer-reviewed journals about price increases in tobacco. Research proves in these documented journals that increase in the price of cigarettes will reduce teen smoking by seven percent. The tobacco industry is almost fully reliant on teenagers. According to a web site sponsored by the American Lung Association of Gulf Coast Florida, those who die from smoking each year, plus those who quit the daily habit, are replaced by one million teenagers who begin smoking annually (American Lung Association). The tobacco industry has its own words to say about price increase on cigarettes. The industry claims that price increases are disastrous and ineffective for the tobacco industry and other industries. The Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services sponsored a Tobacco Bill to ban all advertisements of cigarettes and an effort to help stop teen smoking. The Republicans in Congress turned it down. It was turned down because it was too expensive. The cost of this bill would have cost an estimated $52 billion dollars a year to send out strong messages to these tobacco companies. I think that it should have been used because there are so many other things tha t our nations budget spends on each year that does not seem as important. Teen smoking is a real serious issue because later on these teenagers will have some serious health problems. I see my friends smoking and I tell them that it will cause some serious health problems for them in the future. After the defeat of the tobacco bill in the senate, President Clinton scolded Senate Republicans for Walking away from its obligation to our children (qtd. in Kaleidoscope Interactive). He also called for the Department of Health and Human Services to conduct an annual national survey of the cigarette brands most frequently used by teenagers. Im instructing the Department of Health and Human services to produce the first-ever annual survey on the brands of cigarettes teenagers smoke, and which companies are most responsible for the problem(qtd. in Kaleidoscope Interactive). Parents should know of this problem and they should also have the right to know. Public health officials can use this i nformation to reduce teen smoking and to raise awareness of the problem. .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .postImageUrl , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:hover , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:visited , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:active { border:0!important; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:active , .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516 .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uebb717ef05ac945a386d02ca84756516:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dwight D Eisenhower EssayThe survey was part of the $516 billion measure revoked by Republican Senate leaders. It was supposed to be used to enforce penalties against tobacco companies that did not succeed in reducing teen smoking to levels set in the legislation. President Clinton called out the tobacco companies, which have angrily opposed this survey. Once this information becomes public, companies will then no longer be able to evade accountability, and neither will congress, stated by Bill Clinton in an interview with the press outside the oval office (qtd. in Kaleidoscope Interactive). From now on the new data will help to hold tobacco companies accountable for targe ting children (qtd. in Kaleidoscope Interactive). The President cannot levy fines against the tobacco industry with out approval from Congress, however, he is confident that the survey will help his Congressional allies more information against the tobacco industry. If the survey is used, it will show that teens prefer particular brands, one brand to another. It will then be used as evidence that a particular manufacturer is marketing to teens, which is illegal. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said tobacco ads that rely on giveaways and childish cartoons were to blame. Advertising persuades teens to buy cigarettes. Since the Joe Camel Cartoon, Camel brand cigarette share of teen smokers has increased from 0.5 percent to 32.8 percent. About 30 percent of three-year-olds and 90 percent of six-year-olds recognize Joe Camel and associate him with Camel Cigarettes. The Tobacco Institute and R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, the maker of Camel Cigarettes and creator of Joe Camel, had no comment.The tobacco industry has insisted it does not target teen-agers with its advertising. Daily smoking rates begin increasing steadily again in 1988, the same year R. J. Reynolds introduced Joe Camel in advertising for Camel cigarettes, the CDC said. Joe Camel was retired in 1997, after it was used for a bad example for cigarette marketing aimed at children by critics, including President Bill Clinton. I had a recent interview with a student at Worth County High School. His name is Scott Ferguson. He was a former classmate and a friend. He smoked while I was in high school. I asked him did he still smoke, and he said that he did. I asked him for how long and he said that he had been smoking since he was thirteen. I asked him what brand of cigarette he smoked, and he said that he smoked Marlboro Lights. I asked him why does he smoke, and he replied by saying, I started when I was young and now I just cant stop (Ferguson, Oct. 12, 1999). Teen smoking is a serious problem. I would like to see teenagers who are not smoking. I would like to hear that Congress has approved of the Tobacco Bill and not some other less important bill. This problem will continue to get worse if the tobacco industry does not stop its persuasive advertising. Bibliography:Works CitedChildrens access to Tobacco Kills. 3 Feb. 1999. American Lung Association of Gulf Coast Florida. President Takes Another Shot at Teen Smoking. 22 Jun. 1999. Kaleidoscope Interactive. Reducing Teen Smoking. 10 Jul 1998. Tobaco Free Kids. Bynum, Russ. CDC:Joe Camel Years See Jump in Teen Smoking.9 Oct. 1998. BibliographyChildrens access to Tobacco Kills. 3 Feb. 1999. American Lung Association of Gulf Coast Florida. President Takes Another Shot at Teen Smoking. 22 Jun. 1999. Kaleidoscope Interactive. Reducing Teen Smoking. 10 Jul 1998. Tobaco Free Kids. Bynum, Russ. CDC:Joe Camel Years See Jump in Teen Smoking.9 Oct. 1998. Schaler, Jeffrey, and Magda E. Schaler. Smoking: Who Has the Right?. Amherst, NY: Promethus Books, 1998. Swisher, Karin. SmokingLaws and Legislation. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1995Bender, David L. Opposing Viewpoints on Chemical Dependency. St Paul, ME: Greenhaven Press, 1985. .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .postImageUrl , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:hover , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:visited , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:active { border:0!important; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:active , .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u86e902c6b8c0ce134f61fdc14ed0881c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Factors contributing to the su EssayFerguson, Scott. Personal interview. 12 Oct 1999.